Past History of Abuse Leads to Worse Menopause Symptoms

Summary: Women who have experienced physical, sexual, or financial abuse face worse menopause symptoms and poorer well-being two decades later.

Source: NAMS

Adversity occurring early in a woman’s life will likely continue taking its toll physically and mentally years after those stressors have been removed.

A new study suggests that a history of psychosocial stressors (physical or sexual abuse or financial instability) can lead to worse menopause symptoms and poorer well-being almost 2 decades later.

Study results are published online today in Menopause.

Menopause is often accompanied by a number of symptoms that adversely affect a woman’s quality of life, including hot flashes, sleep disturbances, depressive symptoms, and sexual dysfunction. However, not all women’s menopause experiences are the same, with some women having much more severe issues.

There are many reasons for the differences. In this newest study involving nearly 700 women, researchers sought to connect a history of psychosocial stressors from childhood through pregnancy with worse menopause symptoms.

Although previous studies had attempted to demonstrate the long-term adverse effects of various forms of abuse, many of them were small or focused more on current abuse.

This study specifically focused on the history of stressors as reported at the time of pregnancy and their connection with a woman’s health during midlife 15 to 20 years later.

Within this study group, a history of physical abuse was reported by 37.3% of the participants who also reported worse menopause symptoms and worse general health, as well as greater depressive symptoms.

Another 7.7% reported a history of sexual abuse, which was also associated with worse symptoms during the menopause transition, as well as worse general health. However, there was no documented correlation with depressive symptoms.

history of financial instability was associated with worse menopause symptoms, worse general health, and greater depressive symptoms.

There was no association, however, between psychosocial stressors and generalized anxiety symptoms assessed at midlife.

Based on study results, the researchers concluded that psychosocial stressors were associated with worse menopause symptoms and well-being decades after the initial report.

These results highlight the long-lasting influence of adverse experiences on women’s physical and mental health and emphasize the importance of past history of psychosocial stressors when considering the health of women in midlife.

Study results are published in the article “Longitudinal associations of psychosocial stressors with menopausal symptoms and well-being among women in midlife.”

“This study provides additional evidence to support the link between adversity earlier in life with worse menopause symptoms and poorer well-being in midlife women.

“Additional study is needed to better understand the effect of cumulative exposure to chronic and repeated stress on the health of women in midlife and beyond,” says Dr. Stephanie Faubion, NAMS medical director.

Abstract

Longitudinal associations of psychosocial stressors with menopausal symptoms and well-being among women in midlife

Objective

We examined longitudinal associations of psychosocial stressors with menopausal symptoms and well-being of women in midlife in a longitudinal cohort.

Methods

This study is based on 682 women from Project Viva, a prospective cohort enrolled in 1999 to 2002 during pregnancy (median age = 33.3 y) and followed for almost two decades. In pregnancy, women self-reported psychosocial stressors (history of physical and sexual abuse and financial instability, from childhood to the current pregnancy). In 2017 to 2021 (median age, 51.6 y), they reported their menopausal symptoms (0‐44 point scale) and well-being (general health [good/fair/poor vs excellent/very good], generalized anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms [both—more than minimal levels vs none/minimal]). We performed multivariable and logistic regression models to examine associations of psychosocial stressors with outcomes, adjusting for covariates.

Results

History of physical abuse (reported by 37.3%) was associated with worse menopausal symptoms in the somatovegetative (odds ratio [OR], 0.46 points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.04-0.87 points) and psychological (OR, 0.52 points; 95% CI, 0.07-0.97 points) domains and with worse general health (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.17-2.55) and greater depressive symptoms (OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.05-2.87). History of sexual abuse (7.7%) was associated with worse menopausal symptoms (OR, 2.81 points; 95% CI, 1.05-4.56) and worse general health (OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.04-4.03) but not with depressive symptoms. History of financial instability (10.8%) was associated with worse menopausal symptoms (1.92 points; 0.49 to 3.34), worse general health (OR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.24-3.75), and greater depressive symptoms (OR, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.44-4.98). We observed no association between psychosocial stressors and generalized anxiety symptoms assessed at midlife.