Better Grades and Improved Well-Being Linked to Sleep Quantity and Consistency

Summary: Students who consistently sleep the optimal eight hours per night perform better on tests and report higher personal satisfaction than their peers who have more disrupted sleep patterns.

Source: WUSTL

Want good grades?

Get a good semester’s sleep.

But good sleep, it turns out, is not just about quantity. It’s also about consistency.

Research from Tim Bono, lecturer in psychological and brain sciences in Arts & Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis, found that students who get a good night’s sleep night in and night out earn higher marks and feel a stronger sense of well-being than those with fluctuating sleep schedules.

“You can’t skimp on sleep one night and expect you will ‘catch up’ the next,’” Bono said.

Bono’s study, published recently in Psychology, Health & Medicine, tracked the sleep habits of 97 Washington University first-year students during their first semester on campus.

The students who reported the most stable, consistent sleep patterns earned a GPA of 3.66, on average, while the students with the most variable sleep earned a GPA of 3.21. Students with regular sleep patterns also reported higher levels of well-being. These effects held even when controlling for SAT scores and baseline happiness.

“When asked to identify factors affecting their academic performance, sleep difficulty was identified more often than homesickness, roommate difficulties, health problems, even depression,” said Bono, who said seven to eight hours of sleep a night is optimal.

Although getting four hours of sleep some nights, and 12 on others might average to eight, that’s not the same as getting eight hours on a regular basis.

“It all comes back to our circadian rhythm—that comes from the Latin for circa, meaning around, and diem, meaning day,” Bono said. “It doesn’t matter what the clock on your desk says. Your body has its own internal clock. An erratic sleep cycle is inconsistent with the body’s natural cycles.”

In high school, sleep patterns often are enforced by Mom and Dad. College brings more freedom as well as more responsibilities and distractions.

“As homework and activities pile up, sleep is often the first to go. And that’s a problem because when we go to sleep, the brain goes to work,” Bono said. “During sleep, the brain transfers information you have learned to storage regions like the hippocampus so you can later retrieve that material.”

Specifically, memory consolidation occurs during periods of rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep, which grow longer as the night goes on. Hence, less sleep cheats our brains of some of the most productive periods of sleep. “That’s why I tell my advisees that all-nighters are not only unproductive, they’re counterproductive.”

Bono advises his students to set a sleep schedule. He personally uses a sleep app to make sure he gets to bed at the same time every night. Bono also tells students to stop scrolling an hour before sleep as the light that emanates from devices suppresses the release of melatonin, the hormone that makes us drowsy.

Most importantly, don’t compete in the Suffering Olympics.

“When a student says they’ve only slept five hours, the response is often, ‘Well, I only slept four,’” Bono said. “The response should be, ‘What are you doing to take care of yourself?’”

Abstract

Sleep quantity and variability during the first semester at university: implications for well-being and academic performance

Research has demonstrated the importance of sleep quality for university students, although work is limited with respect to how sleep during the first semester of school impacts well-being and academic outcomes.

The current study sought to examine the role of sleep quantity and variability over the first semester of university on GPA and happiness. Students (n = 97) from a first-semester psychology course completed weekly assessments of sleep and well-being (happiness and anxiety) for 15 weeks, and they gave permission for researchers to collect their GPA and SAT data from the registrar.

Average weekly sleep quantity was associated with greater weekly happiness and less anxiety. Weekly sleep variability was associated with lower happiness and more anxiety.

Even when accounting for sleep quantity and initial start-of-semester measures, sleep variability predicted worse GPA and happiness for students at the end-of-semester. In summary, sleep consistency may be an important target for health professionals working within the university setting.

This study contributes to the literature on the importance not only of sleep but also of sleep consistency, during a major life transition.